- California Code, Civil Code - CIV § 45 - 45 | FindLaw
Libel is a false and unprivileged publication by writing, printing, picture, effigy, or other fixed representation to the eye, which exposes any person to hatred, contempt, ridicule, or obloquy, or which causes him to be shunned or avoided, or which has a tendency to injure him in his occupation
- California Civil Code section 45 (2025)
Civil Code section 45 Libel is a false and unprivileged publication by writing, printing, picture, effigy, or other fixed representation to the eye, which exposes any person to hatred, contempt, ridicule, or obloquy, or which causes him to be shunned or avoided, or which has a tendency to injure him in his occupation
- California Legislative Information
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- California Civil Code § 45 (2024) - Justia Law
45 Libel is a false and unprivileged publication by writing, printing, picture, effigy, or other fixed representation to the eye, which exposes any person to hatred, contempt, ridicule, or obloquy, or which causes him to be shunned or avoided, or which has a tendency to injure him in his occupation
- California Civil Code 45 – Libel is a false and unprivileged . . .
Libel is a false and unprivileged publication by writing, printing, picture, effigy, or other fixed representation to the eye, which exposes any person to hatred, contempt, ridicule, or obloquy, or which causes him to be shunned or avoided, or which has a tendency to injure him in his occupation (Enacted 1872 )
- California Civil Code Section 45 - California Attorney Resources . . . - Laws
CA Civ Code § 45 (2017) Libel is a false and unprivileged publication by writing, printing, picture, effigy, or other fixed representation to the eye, which exposes any person to hatred, contempt, ridicule, or obloquy, or which causes him to be shunned or avoided, or which has a tendency to injure him in his occupation
- Libel and Slander - The Basic Law In California | Stimmel Law
Libel includes the more permanent forms of defamatory matter; in California, it consists of a “writing, printing, picture, effigy, or other fixed representation to the eye ” (Civ Code § 45 )
- California Defamation (Libel Slander) Law – A Legal Guide
Under California law, defamation is a broad term for false statements that damage your good standing If a statement is made verbally, it is slander If made in writing, it is libel 1 Unlike libel, statutory rules for slander carve out certain types of oral comments that are deemed injurious
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