- Journal: Materials Horizons - RSC Publishing
solid, i e with zero kinetic energy with respect to the sample surface The “few nanometer” distance is relatively loosely defined and corresponds to a distance sufficient for the electron to experience the full impact of the surface dipole (see below) Also known as the local vacuum level, E VAC is strongly influenced
- Fermi level, work function and vacuum level - RSC Publishing
The standard definition of E VAC is the energy level of an electron positioned at rest within a “few nanometers” outside the solid, i e with zero kinetic energy with respect to the sample surface
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