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- differences - When to use include and including? - English Language . . .
Including is never a preposition, any more than its near synonyms containing, comprising and embracing are It is the -ing form of the verb include, sometimes known as the present participle Thus, a free CD is not the complement of the preposition including, but the object of the non-finite verb including –
- prepositional phrases - Using “including” vs. “and include” - English . . .
The present participle phrase ("including improved cardiovascular health") modifies a phrase ("the benefits of exercise") from which it is separated by an entire predicate ("are vast") People use terms such as "misplaced modifier" and "extraposition" for this issue We can take care of it quite simply:
- meaning in context - Is up to inclusive or exclusive? - English . . .
We will give dispensations for people earning up to and including $1000 They are accepting applications up to, but not including, July 1 People who are up to and including 4 foot 6 inches tall are banned from the roller coaster An alternative is to use under or over, before and after (or beyond) We will give dispensations for people earning
- grammaticality - To include vs. including - English Language . . .
In fact, the word including appears 354 times in the report (although some 40-odd of those are duplicates) I have listed below the 65 examples of " to include " (the figure in the parentheses is the page number of the PDF - rather than the page number of the sub-document contained within the PDF):
- grammatical number - These include or This includes - English . . .
Several different users can change their own passwords, including administrators and normal users No users are allowed to change their own passwords; including both administrators and normal users Corruption was uncovered at many levels across the organization, including administrators and normal users
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- Punctuation for the phrase including but not limited to
The comma before including shows that a new clause, even if it’s a non-finite clause, is to follow, and the comma before but and after to, indicates a weak interruption to that clause The comma between running and jumping shows that the two are to be read as part of a list, but no comma is required after jumping , because and makes it
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