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- Voice disorders - Diagnosis and treatment - Mayo Clinic
Learn more about the causes of common voice disorders, such as laryngitis and granuloma, and how Mayo Clinic diagnoses and treats them
- Bundle branch block - Symptoms causes - Mayo Clinic
In most people, bundle branch block doesn't cause symptoms Some people with the condition don't know they have bundle branch block Rarely, symptoms of bundle branch block may include fainting (syncope) or feeling as if you're going to faint (presyncope)
- Ventricular septal defect (VSD) - Symptoms causes - Mayo Clinic
A ventricular septal defect (VSD) is a hole in the heart that's present at birth (congenital heart defect) The hole is between the lower heart chambers (right and left ventricles) It allows oxygen-rich blood to move back into the lungs instead of being pumped to the rest of the body
- Laryngospasm: What causes it? - Mayo Clinic
The cause of vocal cord spasms is often not known, and it is usually in response to a trigger such as anxiety or acid reflux Acid reflux may cause a few drops of stomach acid backwash to touch the vocal cords, setting off the spasm Laryngospasm can sometimes occur after an endotracheal tube is removed from the throat
- Vocal cord paralysis - Diagnosis and treatment - Mayo Clinic
Treatment Treatment of vocal cord paralysis depends on the cause, how serious the symptoms are and when symptoms began Treatment may include voice therapy, bulk injections, surgery or a combination of treatments
- 妙佑医疗国际 - 声带功能障碍：是哮喘的一种吗？
声带功能障碍是指吸气或呼气时声带异常关闭。它也被称为喉功能障碍、反常声带运动障碍或反常声襞运动失调。与哮喘一样，声带功能障碍也可因肺部吸入刺激物、上呼吸道感染或运动而引发。但与哮喘不同，声带功能障碍不是免疫系统的反应，也不涉及下气道。这两种病症的治疗方法也是不同的。
- Ventricular septal defect (VSD) - Mayo Clinic
Ventricular septal defect treatment may include regular health checkups, medications and surgery Many babies born with a small ventricular septal defect (VSD) won't need surgery to close the hole Some small ventricular septal defects (VSDs) close on their own If the VSD is small, regular health checkups may be all that's needed Medication may be prescribed to treat any symptoms Babies who
- 冠状动脉造影 - 妙佑医疗国际 - Mayo Clinic
冠状动脉血管造影使用 X 线对心脏血管（冠状动脉）进行检查。其目的通常是检查血管是否存在狭窄或堵塞问题。冠状动脉血管造影最常用于诊断冠状动脉疾病。 冠状动脉血管造影是由一般心脏检查和治疗方法构成的心脏导管
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