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Abyssal Zone - Woods Hole Oceanographic Institution The abyssal zone, or the abyss, is the seafloor and water column from 3,000 to 6,500 meters (9,842 to 21,325 feet) depth, where sunlight doesn’t penetrate
Abyssal Zone – Woods Hole Oceanographic Institution Abyssal Zone Woods Hole Oceanographic Institution is the world's leading non-profit oceanographic research organization Our mission is to explore and understand the ocean and to educate scientists, students, decision-makers, and the public
Ocean Zones - Woods Hole Oceanographic Institution The ocean water column is made up of five zones: the sunlight (epipelagic), twilight (mesopelagic), midnight (bathypelagic), abyssal (abyssopelagic) and hadal zones (trenches)
Twilight Zone - Woods Hole Oceanographic Institution The ocean twilight zone is a layer of water that stretches around the globe It lies 200 to 1,000 meters below the ocean surface, just beyond the reach of sunlight
Hadal Zone - Woods Hole Oceanographic Institution The hadal zone occurs only in trenches, which can extend to 11,000 meters deep (36,000 feet) Hadal regions combined across all oceans make up an area about the size of Australia
Midnight Zone - Woods Hole Oceanographic Institution The midnight zone, or bathypelagic, extends to about 4,000 meters (about 13,100 feet), which reaches the ocean floor in many places is in perpetual darkness
Mid-ocean Ridges - Woods Hole Oceanographic Institution What are mid-ocean ridges? Mid-ocean ridges form the longest mountain range in the world, nearly all of which lies beneath the sea These ridges crisscross the world’s oceans like stitches on a baseball; together they measure nearly 65,000 kilometers (about 40,000 miles) in length Most of Earth’s volcanic activity occurs along mid-ocean ridges, which form along the seams between tectonic
How the Ocean Works - Woods Hole Oceanographic Institution Understanding how the ocean works is foundational to understanding life on this planet and to the discipline of oceanography Get to know the big systems of the ocean: its cycles, circulation, zones, and connection to the atmosphere Learn about ocean chemistry, life and landscapes on the seafloor, plate movements, shorelines, and icy regions
Seamounts - Woods Hole Oceanographic Institution What are Seamounts? Seamounts are underwater mountains that rise hundreds or thousands of feet from the seafloor They are generally extinct volcanoes that, while active, created piles of lava that sometimes break the ocean surface In fact, the highest mountain on Earth is actually a seamount—Hawaii’s Mauna Kea, a dormant volcano that is more than 30,000 feet tall measured from its base
Ocean Trenches - Woods Hole Oceanographic Institution Ocean trenches are steep depressions exceeding 6,000 meters in depth, where old ocean crust from one tectonic plate is pushed beneath another plate Trenches make up the world's hadal zone