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Capnography Waveform Interpretation • LITFL • CCC Equipment Capnography waveform interpretation can be used for diagnosis and ventilator-trouble shooting The CO2 waveform can be analyzed for 5 characteristics:–Height–Frequency–Rhythm–Baseline–Shape
Abnormal capnography waveforms and their interpretation The expired CO 2 waveform can identify a variety of pulmonary and airway pathology: Oesophageal intubation; Endobronchial intubation; Bronchospasm; Mechanical airway obstruction; Reversal of alveolar slope in emphysema; Cardiac oscillations; The "Curare Cleft" Recirculated CO2 due to a saturated CO2 absorber; A low end-tidal CO2 in hypothermia
Waveform capnography in the intubated patient - EMCrit Project Waveform capnography is emerging as a standard monitoring tool to improve safety among intubated patients Failure to use waveform capnography contributed to >70% of ICU-related airway deaths in the NAP4 audit
Understanding end-tidal CO2 monitoring - American Nurse Journal This section discusses ETco 2 waveforms and the assessment capabilities of ETco 2 monitoring ETco 2 values may be displayed solely as a numeric value (capnometry) or with a waveform (capnography) Waveforms may be time-based (CO 2 over time) or volume-based (CO 2 plotted over exhaled tidal volume) A time-based capnogram can provide useful
Interpreting Waveform Capnography: Pearls and Pitfalls The normal capnography waveform The main determinants of ETCO2 include alveolar ventilation, pulmonary perfusion, and CO2 production A normal waveform has four different phases: Phase I is the inspiratory baseline, which is due to inspired gas with low levels of CO2
5 things EMS providers need to know about capnography and ETCO2 . . . By measuring end-tidal carbon dioxide (ETCO2) and displaying a capnography waveform, it helps confirm airway placement, assess ventilation quality and monitor circulation Understanding how to interpret waveform capnography and ETCO2 values is critical for making timely, informed clinical decisions in the prehospital setting
Capnography Waveforms — Quick Reference Guide - Masimo Initially, waveform and EtCO2 value are low during cardiac arrest but increase with effective chest compressions The higher the EtCO2 value the greater the chance of ROSC EtCO2 ≥ 20 mmHg during CPR indicates adequate chest compressions
How to Read and Interpret Capnography Waveforms Capnography measures ventilation through a metric known as end-tidal carbon dioxide (EtCO2) EtCO2 values are recorded in mm Hg (millimeters of mercury), a unit of pressure The normal values for patients regardless of age, sex, race, or size range between 35-45 mm Hg, or about 5% CO2