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Augustine of Hippo - Stanford Encyclopedia of Philosophy Augustine of Hippo was perhaps the greatest Christian philosopher of Antiquity and certainly the one who exerted the deepest and most lasting influence He is a saint of the Catholic Church, and his authority in theological matters was universally accepted in the Latin Middle Ages and remained, in the Western Christian tradition, virtually uncontested till the nineteenth century The impact of
Divine Illumination - Stanford Encyclopedia of Philosophy Divine illumination is the oldest and most influential alternative to naturalism in the areas of mind and knowledge The doctrine holds that human beings require a special divine assistance in their ordinary cognitive activities Although most closely associated with Augustine and his scholastic followers, the doctrine has its origins in the ancient period and would reappear, transformed, in
Saint Augustine - Stanford Encyclopedia of Philosophy Aurelius Augustinus [more commonly "St Augustine of Hippo," often simply "Augustine"] (354-430 C E ): rhetor, Christian Neoplatonist, North African Bishop, Doctor of the Roman Catholic Church One of the decisive developments in the western philosophical tradition was the eventually widespread merging of the Greek philosophical tradition and the Judeo-Christian religious and scriptural
Heaven and Hell in Christian Thought - Stanford Encyclopedia of Philosophy Behind the various Christian ideas about heaven and hell lies the more basic belief that our lives extend beyond the grave (see the entry on afterlife) For suppose that our lives do not extend beyond the grave In addition to excluding a variety of ideas about reincarnation and karma, this would also preclude the very possibility of future compensation of any kind for those who experience
Medieval Skepticism - Stanford Encyclopedia of Philosophy 1 Ancient and Hellenistic Sources There were many varieties of skepticism extant during the Ancient and Hellenistic periods, but two were particularly important to the later history of topic: Pyrrhonian Skepticism, especially as presented by Sextus Empiricus, and the Academic Skepticism of Cicero Pre-medieval adherents of both types of skepticism not only held particular skeptical positions
The Problem of Evil (Stanford Encyclopedia of Philosophy) The epistemic question posed by evil is whether the world contains undesirable states of affairs that provide the basis for an argument that makes it unreasonable to believe in the existence of God This discussion is divided into eight sections The first is concerned with some preliminary distinctions; the second, with the choice between deductive versions of the argument from evil, and
Saint Augustine - Stanford Encyclopedia of Philosophy Aurelius Augustinus [more commonly “St Augustine of Hippo,” often simply “Augustine”] (354–430 C E ): rhetor, Christian Neoplatonist, North African Bishop, Doctor of the Roman Catholic Church One of the decisive developments in the western philosophical tradition was the eventually widespread merging of the Greek philosophical tradition and the Judeo-Christian religious and
Divine Simplicity - Stanford Encyclopedia of Philosophy According to the classical theism of Augustine, Anselm, Aquinas and their adherents, God is radically unlike creatures and cannot be adequately understood in ways appropriate to them God is simple in that God transcends every form of complexity and composition familiar to the discursive intellect One consequence is that the simple God lacks parts This lack is not a deficiency but a positive
Free Will (Stanford Encyclopedia of Philosophy) The term “free will” has emerged over the past two millennia as the canonical designator for a significant kind of control over one’s actions Questions concerning the nature and existence of this kind of control (e g , does it require and do we have the freedom to do otherwise or the power of self-determination?), and what its true significance is (is it necessary for moral
Philosophy and Christian Theology - Stanford Encyclopedia of Philosophy Christian thinkers have always drawn on philosophy to help answer these kinds of questions In the earliest years of Christianity, running roughly from the second to the seventh centuries CE, and often called the “Patristic” period, the emerging Christian Church faced the daunting task of defining doctrinal orthodoxy in the face of internal and external challenges In pursuing this task