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Reactive oxygen species - Wikipedia In chemistry and biology, reactive oxygen species (ROS) are highly reactive chemicals formed from diatomic oxygen (O2), water, and hydrogen peroxide Some prominent ROS are hydroperoxide, superoxide (O 2−), [1] hydroxyl radical (OH ), and singlet oxygen (1 O 2) [2] ROS are pervasive because they are readily produced from O 2, which is abundant
Respiratory burst - Wikipedia Respiratory burst (or oxidative burst) is the rapid release of the reactive oxygen species (ROS), superoxide anion (O− 2) and hydrogen peroxide (H 2O 2), from different cell types This is usually utilised for mammalian immunological defence, but also plays a role in cell signalling The respiratory burst is also implicated in the ovum of animals following fertilization It may also occur in
Mitochondrial ROS - Wikipedia Production of mitochondrial ROS, mitochondrial ROS Mitochondrial ROS (mtROS or mROS) are reactive oxygen species (ROS) that are produced by mitochondria [1][2][3] Generation of mitochondrial ROS mainly takes place at the electron transport chain located on the inner mitochondrial membrane during the process of oxidative phosphorylation
Dioxygen in biological reactions - Wikipedia Reactive oxygen species Reactive oxygen species are molecules containing at least one oxygen atom and one or more unpaired electrons Reactive oxygen species (ROS) are by-products of cell aerobic respiration
Radical (chemistry) - Wikipedia Reactive oxygen species Reactive oxygen species or ROS are species such as superoxide, hydrogen peroxide, and hydroxyl radical, commonly associated with cell damage ROS form as a natural by-product of the normal metabolism of oxygen and have important roles in cell signaling Two important oxygen-centered radicals are superoxide and hydroxyl
Oxidative stress - Wikipedia Oxidative stress mechanisms in tissue injury Free radical toxicity induced by xenobiotics and the subsequent detoxification by cellular enzymes (termination) Oxidative stress reflects an imbalance between the systemic manifestation of reactive oxygen species and a biological system's ability to readily detoxify the reactive intermediates or to repair the resulting damage [1] Disturbances in
Free-radical theory of aging - Wikipedia Major sources of reactive oxygen species in living systems The mitochondrial theory of aging was first proposed in 1978, [27][28] and two years later, the mitochondrial free-radical theory of aging was introduced [29] The theory implicates the mitochondria as the chief target of radical damage, since there is a known chemical mechanism by which mitochondria can produce ROS, mitochondrial