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Liberty, Presumption of: A Libertarianism. org Guide A “presumption of X” signifies that X is taken to be the case without requiring argument or evidence to support it The burden of its rebuttal is on the challenger of the presumption The presumption of liberty signifies that an individual is taken to be free to perform any feasible act without
The Presumption: Race and Injustice in the United States: D. Marvin . . . In the era of segregation this was a presumption of inferiority, but in our era, it is primarily a presumption of dangerousness or criminality In chapters on slavery, urban spaces, the drug war, media portrayals, and white spaces, he shows how the presumption of guilt continues to shape the treatment of Black people in the United States
The Bias Presumption by Bradley A. Areheart and Dave Hall The American workplace is a fractured sphere of public life, in which white men often wield power at the expense of women and people of color However, that power imbalance is no longer fully imbued with the active animus that characterized the first few centuries of American life; now, much of the damage done by discrimination is done structurally and implicitly Consequently, the operation
Presumptions - core. ac. uk A rebuttable presumption always determines the burden or duty of going forward with proof, in the sense of thrusting upon the party against whom the presumption operates the burden or duty of going ahead with proof on the point determined by the presumption-in other words, and in short, the burden or duty of attacking with counterproof the fact
The Presumption of Innocence: Cornerstone of Criminal Justice The presumption of innocence stands as one of the most sacred principles in criminal law, declaring that every person accused of a crime must be considered innocent until proven guilty through proper legal procedures This fundamental right serves as a shield against arbitrary punishment and requires the prosecution to bear the burden of proving guilt beyond reasonable doubt Far from being a
Presumptions and Obligations | SpringerLink It is commonly known that presumption rules are closely linked to action [1] Although the notion of presumption and its counterpart #8220;burden of proof #8221; have also frequently been applied in contexts that are at least seemingly unrelated to decisions
Lowering the concentration thresholds for structural presumptions. Lowering the concentration thresholds for structural presumptions The Agencies assess market concentration using the Herfindahl-Hirschman Index (HHI), calculated by adding the squares of the market shares of each market participant; larger HHIs represent a more concentrated market Under the Guidelines, markets with an HHI above 1,800 are deemed “highly concentrated,” and harm to