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Computer | Definition, History, Operating Systems, Facts | Britannica A computer is a programmable device for processing, storing, and displaying information Learn more in this article about modern digital electronic computers and their design, constituent parts, and applications as well as about the history of computing
Computer - Technology, Invention, History | Britannica Computer - Technology, Invention, History: By the second decade of the 19th century, a number of ideas necessary for the invention of the computer were in the air First, the potential benefits to science and industry of being able to automate routine calculations were appreciated, as they had not been a century earlier Specific methods to make automated calculation more practical, such as
What is a computer? - Britannica A computer is a machine that can store and process information Most computers rely on a binary system, which uses two variables, 0 and 1, to complete tasks such as storing data, calculating algorithms, and displaying information Computers come in many different shapes and sizes, from handheld smartphones to supercomputers weighing more than 300 tons
Personal computer (PC) | Definition, History, Facts | Britannica Personal computer, a digital computer designed for use by only one person at a time A typical personal computer assemblage consists of a central processing unit, which contains the computer’s arithmetic, logic, and control circuitry on an integrated circuit; computer memory; and various peripheral devices
computer summary | Britannica computer, Programmable machine that can store, retrieve, and process data A computer consists of the central processing unit (CPU), main memory (or random-access memory, RAM), and peripherals (e g , a keyboard, a printer, disc drives) Traditional histories of computers assign generations on the basis of technology
Computer - Home Use, Microprocessors, Software | Britannica Computer - Home Use, Microprocessors, Software: Before 1970, computers were big machines requiring thousands of separate transistors They were operated by specialized technicians, who often dressed in white lab coats and were commonly referred to as a computer priesthood The machines were expensive and difficult to use Few people came in direct contact with them, not even their programmers
Computer - Memory, Storage, Processing | Britannica Computer - Memory, Storage, Processing: The earliest forms of computer main memory were mercury delay lines, which were tubes of mercury that stored data as ultrasonic waves, and cathode-ray tubes, which stored data as charges on the tubes’ screens The magnetic drum, invented about 1948, used an iron oxide coating on a rotating drum to store data and programs as magnetic patterns In a
Digital computer | Evolution, Components, Features | Britannica Digital computer, any of a class of devices capable of solving problems by processing information in discrete form It operates on data, including magnitudes, letters, and symbols, that are expressed in binary code—that is, using only the two digits 0 and 1
Computer programming language | Types Examples | Britannica Computer programming language, any of various languages for expressing a set of detailed instructions for a computer The earliest programming languages were assembly languages, not far removed from instructions directly executed by hardware Although there are many computer languages, relatively few are widely used
Computer virus | Definition Facts | Britannica Computer virus, a portion of a computer program code that has been designed to furtively copy itself into other such codes or computer files It is usually created by a prankster or vandal to effect a nonutilitarian result or to destroy data and program code or, in the case of ransomware, to extort payment