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Top or Bottom of Footing? | Eng-Tips Frost depth always has been and should be to the bottom of the footing You are trying to avoid a condition where frost occurs in the soil directly under a footing and in which case the soil expands (or rather the moisture freezes and expands within the soil matrix) and dislocates the footing
Frost protection of fill | Eng-Tips The depth the frost will penetrate below the insulating layer depends on insulating value (thermal conductivity and thickness), initial ground temperature, and of course the air temperature over the freezing period
Frost Heave Calculation | Eng-Tips Frost heave can easily be several inches in northern states with frost-susceptible (silty) soils and a shallow water table or just poor drainage On the other hand, dry, clean, sand or gravel may freeze without heaving Heave can vary a lot from year to year depending on moisture conditions and weather
Exterior Large Equipment Pad with deep frost depths | Eng-Tips Frost heave isn't really caused by just the moisture in the soil freezing (and the subsequent small volume increase) It becomes an issue when ice lensing happens This is when a horizontal layer of ice forms and continues to grow in thickness as water is drawn into the freezing layer through capillary action in the soil If you have non-frost susceptible soil (large granular fill), capillary
Drilled Pier Frost Heave | Eng-Tips Hello, I am currently designing concrete drilled piers, and per the geotech report, the recommendations incur a 1600 psf design stress for potential frost heave The recommendations also state that placing friction reducing material can be considered as an alternate option to prevent damage
Is Frost Depth Always Required? | Eng-Tips No, frost depth is not always required if what you are supporting can withstand the movement However, for most pipe racks we have designed we have gone to frost depth
Which soils are most susceptible to frost heaving? | Eng-Tips However there is still some potential for frost heave, especially of there are variations in the soil As mentioned in the other thread, would be best to insulate footings having inadequate cover (side of wall below grade and laterally over footing) to maintain soils thawed under footing
Frost depth consideration in existing rock layer | Eng-Tips If I propose to install a strip footing of reinf concrete for live and dead loads such that design allowable soil bearing capacity is 8000 psf do i have to be concerned about the fact that the existing rock layer is above the frost line?
Preheat coil on AHU - cold climate | Eng-Tips The "frost thermostat" you mention is commonly called a freezestat It is normally an averaging sensor installed downstream of the preheat coil, and it is wired into the fan control circuit to shut down the fan if the temperature approaches freezing