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Cryptography - Wikipedia Cryptography, or cryptology (from Ancient Greek: κρυπτός, romanized: kryptós "hidden, secret"; and γράφειν graphein, "to write", or -λογία -logia, "study", respectively [1]), is the practice and study of techniques for secure communication in the presence of adversarial behavior [2]
Outline of cryptography - Wikipedia The following outline is provided as an overview of and topical guide to cryptography: Cryptography (or cryptology) – practice and study of hiding information Modern cryptography intersects the disciplines of mathematics, computer science, and engineering Applications of cryptography include ATM cards, computer passwords, and electronic commerce
Tal Malkin - Wikipedia Tal Geula Malkin (Hebrew: טל גאולה מלכין; born 1970) [1] is an Israeli-American cryptographer who works as a professor of computer science at Columbia University, where she heads the Cryptography Lab and the Data Science Institute Cybersecurity Center
Confusion and diffusion - Wikipedia Confusion and diffusion In cryptography, confusion and diffusion are two properties of a secure cipher identified by Claude Shannon in his 1945 classified report A Mathematical Theory of Cryptography [1] These properties, when present, work together to thwart the application of statistics, and other methods of cryptanalysis
Substitution–permutation network - Wikipedia A sketch of a substitution–permutation network with 3 rounds, encrypting a plaintext block of 16 bits into a ciphertext block of 16 bits The S-boxes are the S, the P-boxes are the same P, and the round keys are the K In cryptography, an SP-network, or substitution–permutation network (SPN), is a series of linked mathematical operations used in block cipher algorithms such as AES
Cryptanalysis - Wikipedia The security of two-key cryptography depends on mathematical questions in a way that single-key cryptography generally does not, and conversely links cryptanalysis to wider mathematical research in a new way [40] Asymmetric schemes are designed around the (conjectured) difficulty of solving various mathematical problems
History of cryptography - Wikipedia History of cryptography Cryptography, the use of codes and ciphers, began thousands of years ago [1] Until recent decades, it has been the story of what might be called classical cryptography — that is, of methods of encryption that use pen and paper, or perhaps simple mechanical aids
Differential cryptanalysis - Wikipedia This in turn would weaken the competitive advantage the United States enjoyed over other countries in the field of cryptography " [2] Within IBM, differential cryptanalysis was known as the "T-attack" [2] or "Tickle attack"
Key encapsulation mechanism - Wikipedia In cryptography, a key encapsulation mechanism (KEM) is a public-key cryptosystem that allows a sender to generate a short secret key and transmit it to a receiver confidentially, in spite of eavesdropping and intercepting adversaries [1][2][3] Modern standards for public-key encryption of arbitrary messages are usually based on KEMs [4][5]