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Redshift and Hubbles Law - NASA Redshift and Hubble's Law For very far objects (beyond about 1 billion light-years) none of the above methods work Scientists must move from direct observation to using observations in conjunction with a theory The theory used to determine these very great distances in the universe is based on the discovery by Edwin Hubble that the universe is expanding
StarChild: A Learning Center for Young Astronomers Well that's a redshift, redshift If the star is moving away By reading Doppler Shifts of all we see in the skies (clusters of galaxies, near and far) We get the big picture and a big surprise (redshifts going, redshifts going) The Universe is growing and expanding away (galaxies are speeding, speeding away) But maybe gravity will shrink it back
How do we measure the distances to things in space? - NASA It is not an easy thing to measure the distances to objects in the universe since these objects are usually very far away We can't just run out there with a ruler! To measure distances in the universe, we will need to construct what is commonly referred to as a "cosmic distance ladder" In other words, astronomers use different methods to determine the distances to objects; the specific
How do we know that dark matter exists? - NASA StarChild Question of the Month for July 2003 Question: How do we know that dark matter exists? Answer: Dark matter is the name scientists have given to the particles which we believe exist in the universe, but which we cannot directly see! Dark matter was initially called "missing matter" because astronomers could not find it by observing the universe in any part of the electromagnetic
StarChild: A Learning Center for Young Astronomers Well that's a redshift, redshift If the star is moving away By reading Doppler Shifts of all we see in the skies (clusters of galaxies, near and far) We get the big picture and a big surprise (redshifts going, redshifts going) The Universe is growing and expanding away (galaxies are speeding, speeding away)
StarChild: The Universe - NASA The universe is a vast expanse of space which contains all of the matter and energy in existence The universe contains all of the galaxies, stars, and planets The exact size of the universe is unknown Scientists believe the universe is still expanding outward They believe this outward expansion is the result of a violent, powerful explosion that occurred about 13 7 billion years ago This
Parallax - NASA Astronomers derive distances to the nearest stars (closer than about 100 light-years) by a method called stellar parallax This method that relies on no assumptions other than the geometry of the Earth's orbit around the Sun You are probably familiar with the phenomenon known as parallax Try this Hold out your thumb at arm's length, close one of your eyes, and examine the relative position
What is a brown dwarf? - NASA Question: What is a brown dwarf? Answer: In order to understand what is a brown dwarf, we need to understand the difference between a star and a planet It is not easy to tell a star from a planet when you look up at the night sky with your eyes However, the two kinds of objects look very different to an astronomer using a telescope or spectroscope Planets shine by reflected light; stars
Cepheids - NASA Cepheids, also called Cepheid Variables, are stars which brigthen and dim periodically This behavior allows them to be used as cosmic yardsticks out to distances of a few tens of millions of light-years
StarChild: Cosmology - NASA For more than ten years astronomers studied the expansion of the universe by measuring the redshift and brightness of distant supernovae By 1998, enough information had been gathered to lead scientists to the startling discovery that the expansion of the universe is not slowing but accelerating