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Persistence and Toxin Production by Clostridium difficile within Human . . . Here, we asked if human intestinal organoids (HIOs), which are derived from pluripotent stem cells and demonstrate small intestinal morphology and physiology, could be used to study the pathogenesis of the obligate anaerobe C difficile
Microbes and Microbial Toxins: Paradigms for Microbial- Mucosal . . . C difficile toxin A exerts its potent secretory and necroinflammatory responses in mammalian intestine by a separate neural pathway involving the activation of mucosal mast cells and release of SP and CGRP from sensory neurons
Persistence and Toxin Production by Clostridium difficile within Human . . . Clostridium difficile is the leading cause of infectious nosocomial diarrhea The pathogenesis of C difficile infection (CDI) results from the interactions between the pathogen, intestinal epithelium, host immune system, and gastrointestinal microbiota
Reinforcement of the Intestinal Mucus Layer Protects Against Clostridium difficile infection is increasing in incidence and severity Attributable factors include virulence factors, including C difficile toxins A and B, as well as host immunologic status The mucus component of the intestinal barrier is impaired by malnutrition, shock insults, and alterations in the gut microbiome
Frontiers | Characterization of the Adherence of Clostridium difficile . . . In this context, we sought to characterize the adherence properties of spores from an epidemic C difficile strain to components of the intestinal mucosa, such as intestinal epithelial cell lines, porcine stomach mucin, fibronectin and vitronectin
Clostridium difficile Toxins Facilitate Bacterial Colonization by . . . Indeed, we observed that C difficile adhesion and penetration of the mucosal barrier are substantially enhanced in poorly polarized or ethylene glycol tetraacetic acid–treated cells, indicating that bacteria bind preferentially to the basolateral (BL) cell surface