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Contaminants in the Water Environment: Significance from the . . . Water is essential for all life, yet it faces increasing threats from contamination due to various human activities and natural processes Pollutants enter the water environment through industrial discharge, agricultural runoff, household waste, and natural processes, leading to the widespread pollution of freshwater and marine ecosystems These contaminants can be categorized as chemical (e g
1073 | mdpi-frontend-v3 The fashion industry is the second most polluting industry, contributing 8% of all carbon emissions and 20% of all global wastewater, with an anticipated 50% increase in greenhouse gas emissions by 2030
Smart Irrigation Technologies and Prospects for Enhancing Water Use . . . Rapid population growth, rising food demand, and climate change have created significant challenges to meet the water demands for agriculture Effective irrigation water management is essential to address the world’s water crisis The transition from conventional, frequently ineffective gravity-driven irrigations to contemporary, pressure-driven precision irrigation methods are explored in
Challenges and Innovations in Urban Drainage Systems: Sustainable . . . Sustainable Urban Drainage Systems (SUDS) represent a paradigm shift in stormwater management, offering holistic solutions to urban water challenges This review examines SUDS principles, design strategies, effectiveness and barriers to implementation SUDS prioritize infiltration and mimic natural hydrological processes to reduce flood risk, improve water quality and support ecosystems in
Drinking Water Quality in the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia - MDPI The production and transmission system of the Saudi Water Authority (SWA) faces a number of challenges in maintaining the high quality of potable water Produced desalinated water is transmitted for long distances and is mixed with ground and surface waters of varying quality The SWA is also in the process of converting from thermal desalination to seawater reverse osmosis which typically
Fundamentals of Water Radiolysis - MDPI Radiolysis of water and aqueous solutions refers to the decomposition of water and its solutions under exposure to ionizing radiation, such as γ-rays, X-rays, accelerated particles, or fast neutrons This exposure leads to the formation of highly reactive species, including free radicals like hydroxyl radicals ( OH), hydrated electrons (e−aq), and hydrogen atoms (H ), as well as molecular
Constructed Wetlands for Wastewater Treatment - MDPI The first experiments using wetland macrophytes for wastewater treatment were carried out in Germany in the early 1950s Since then, the constructed wetlands have evolved into a reliable wastewater treatment technology for various types of wastewater The classification of constructed wetlands is based on: the vegetation type (emergent, submerged, floating leaved, free-floating); hydrology
Water | Aims Scope - MDPI About Water Aims Water (ISSN 2073-4441) is an international and interdisciplinary open-access journal covering all aspects of water, including water science, technology, management and governance It publishes original research papers, critical reviews, data descriptor and short communications There is no restriction on the maximum length of the papers Full methodical and or experimental