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Null coalescing operator - Wikipedia It is most commonly written as x ?? y, but varies across programming languages While its behavior differs between implementations, the null coalescing operator generally returns the result of its left-most operand if it exists and is not null, and otherwise returns the right-most operand
?? and ??= operators - null-coalescing operators - C# reference The null-coalescing operator ?? returns the value of its left-hand operand if it isn't null; otherwise, it evaluates the right-hand operand and returns its result The ?? operator doesn't evaluate its right-hand operand if the left-hand operand evaluates to non-null
Nullish coalescing operator (??) - JavaScript - MDN The nullish coalescing (??) operator is a logical operator that returns its right-hand side operand when its left-hand side operand is null or undefined, and otherwise returns its left-hand side operand
When should I use ?? (nullish coalescing) vs || (logical OR)? The OR operator || uses the right value if left is falsy, while the nullish coalescing operator ?? uses the right value if left is null or undefined These operators are often used to provide a default value if the first one is missing